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当前位置: 首页 > 售后 > 艺源智库
【小程序】小程序•小故事(3)——更新机制
时间:2018-07-26 11:18:43
文章发布:杜凯
原创作者: special
来源:微信开发者

背景

此前我们有收到开发者的反馈,当小程序发布新版本后,新版本覆盖率比较慢,尤其是遇到了一些紧急的 BUG时,线上覆盖速度令人着急。
为了解决这个问题,我们进行了一些探索,得出了一个解决方案——小程序更新机制今天和大家分享一下。

小程序.jpg

小程序的更新机制

异步更新机制

小程序的更新需要经过两个关键的步骤:
Step1:向微信后台请求新版本信息;
Step2:从微信 CDN 下载小程序的代码包。
这两个步骤均需要网络链接,同时这两个步骤都是单独进行,并且是强依赖的,即如果没有新版本信息,就无法确定新版本的下载地址。

更新检测与下载流程通常会放在启动阶段进行,小程序平台也是如此。
不过小程序的更新流程与启动流程是同时
并发执行。
即使更新信息拉取失败了,也不会影响小程序的启动;同时更新也不会影响到小程序的启动速度。
但由于小程序的更新流程是异步的,无法在本次启动就能够应用上新的版本,如果本次启动已经下载好新的版本了,需要在下次启动小程序时才能应用上新版本。

超过有效时间强制同步更新机制

为了尽量避免这种更新延迟情况,我们还设计了一个超过有效时间同步检查更新机制,假如用户已经超过7天没有打开过小程序了,这个时候会强制同步拉取新版本信息、下载新版本,并且使用新版本启动。

更新机制引起的问题

超过有效时间同步检查更新机制能确保到发布版本7天后,绝大部分用户能用上新的版本,但问题时在 7天之内使用的用户,可能在第一次启动时遇到的是异步更新机制,需要在第二次启动时才能应用新的版本。
这就导致了一些紧急发布无法在批量检查更新的 7天内无法覆盖到绝大部分用户,对于线上问题来说是很致命的。

解决这一问题的思路

为了解决这个问题,我们内部也经历了数个方案的讨论,与大家分享一下我们思考的过程:

1. 同步检查更新(放弃)

可能是直接的解决思路,但这个方案的问题在于会影响小程序的启动速度,当下小程序的更新迭代是非常频繁的,部分用户可能每次启动都命中更新,如果需要同步检查更新 + 同步下载新的版本,那将会影响这部分用户的启动体验。

2. 模块热替换(放弃)

模块热替换是指小程序运行起来后,将新版本的 JS 代码与页面进行热替换,使之可以在当前版本上应用上新版本的功能。

这种方案可以解决异步更新不能在本次启动马上应用上的问题,从技术上来说,这也是好的方案,但同时缺点也比较明显,会存在新旧逻辑、页面共存问题,对于开发者来说,反而更不好处理,特别是涉及到全局变量时,情况会更复杂。

但当然这个是我们未来努力的方向。

3. 缩小定时检查新版本轮询时间(目前方案)

6.6.3 及以上版本的客户端,会定时 check 近期使用过的小程序是否有发布新版本;如果有,下次冷启动(指打开非缓存在后台的小程序)的时候会同步更新新版本再打开。
这样可以保证在新版本发布 24 小时后,所有小程序都能使用新版本。
这部分是微信客户端自身优化,开发者无需关心。

4. 异步更新 + 强制更新(目前方案)

同步检查更新与模块热替换两者之间的折衷方案,即还是维持异步更新机制,在异步下载完小程序代码包后,提供重启小程序的能力,这样在遇到紧急问题时可以马上解决,详请见下文介绍。

异步更新 + 强制更新方案介绍

从基础库 1.9.90 开始,我们提供了 wx.getUpdateManager 接口,使用该接口,可以获知是否有新版本小程序、新版本是否下载好以及应用新版本的能力。

当小程序冷启动时,会自动向微信后台请求新版本信息,如果有新版本,会马上触发新版本的下载开发者可以通过 wx.getUpdateManager,获知当前更新的状态。

wx.getUpdateManager 接口会返回一个 UpdateManager 实例,UpdateManager 包含了三个回调:

1. onCheckForUpdate:当小程序向后台请求完新版本信息,会通知这个版本告知检查结果

2. onUpdateReady当新版本下载完成,会回调这个事件

3. onUpdateFailed当新版本下载失败,会回调这个事件

还有重启应用新版本的接口:

1. applyUpdate:当新版本下载完成(onUpdateReady),调用该方法会强制当前小程序应用上新版本并重启

具体示例:


应用场景

强制更新比较适合紧急修复场景, 可以确保在发布后用户能马上用上新版本。
但是强制更新会中断用户的操作,可能会带来一些不好的体验。
对于常规版本更新的场景,应尽量减少使用,或者是只是一个简单的提醒,由用户来主动触发重启应用操作,即界面上布置一些信息,提供主动触发重启更新按钮给到用户。

在强制重启更新前也建议先通过 showModal 方式咨询用户意见,待用户确认下再进行重启,实现方式可参考上节示例代码。


小程序开发
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