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当前位置: 首页 > 新闻 > 业界动态
中国网民一年因侵权损失1434亿 谁动了网民的权益
时间:2014-09-04 10:16:41
文章发布:李阳
原创作者:未知
来源:人民日报

中国网民一年因侵权损失1434亿 谁动了网民的权益-艺源视网

8月27日,在2014中国互联网大会上,首届中国网民权益保护论坛举办。论坛上,中国互联网协会12321举报中心发布了《中国网民权益保护调查报告(2014)》。

报告调查数据显示,最近一年网民因各类侵权遭受的损失合计达1434亿元。目前,我国网民权益遭受侵害的情况十分严峻。网民权益保障的现状与网民的普遍预期还有一定差距,损害网民权益的现象短期内难以彻底清除。

网民权益保护现状堪忧

网购、网络搜索、社交软件、游戏、在线旅游网站等成“重灾区”

今年3月,携程网被曝光因安全支付漏洞导致部分用户银行卡信息外泄。泄露信息包括用户姓名、身份证号、银行卡类别、卡号、CVV码等,严重侵害了网民的选择权、知情权和隐私权。

不只是这些引人注目的侵权事件。其实,侵害网民权益的行为在生活中正时时发生,小到被迫接收垃圾短信,大到网络诈骗。

报告指出,综合网民的时间损失和经济损失,网民年度损失估计达1434亿元,其中时间折换损失为340.5亿元,经济损失为1093亿元。网民权益的保护已经成为一个不容忽视、亟待解决的问题。

其中,网购令网民权益损失严重,网民遭受损失的范围广,平均损失规模大,曾在网购中遭受损失的网民比例高达65.3%,平均经济损失为176.2元。

除网购外,网络搜索、社交软件、游戏、在线旅游网站等也是网民权益遭受侵害的“重灾区”。68.6%的旅游网站用户遭遇过时间损失,大约有一半的旅游网站用户遭遇过经济损失。在100张来自旅游网站的机票中,就有6张可能是假机票。在网络或手机游戏里遭受经济损失的用户达五成,平均损失为174.5元。

个人信息泄露也是网民权益遭受侵害的重要领域。有91%的网民认为其身份证和手机号曾经通过网络被公开过;超过80%的网民承认自己家庭住址、姓名和银行卡号遭到网络泄露;超过50%以上的网民,确认学历、医疗、体检记录、个人社会关系、工作单位、婚姻状况和地理位置等主要信息遭到泄露。

这份报告指明,除了时间损失和经济损失,网民权益的损失还应包括精神损失。例如,在游戏中遭遇其他玩家开外挂、在网购平台遭遇网络水军和虚假评价、在网络搜索时个人信息被泄露、在网上被不文明语言攻击等等,都涉及网民权益的损害。但是由于精神损失不易量化测量,因此并没有体现在这份数据中。

“中国互联网诚信的状态或者诚信的管控机制,落后于整个业界的发展状态。”百度广告运营规划部高级经理朱文庆坦言。

法律保障、维权渠道尚不完善

目前的法律法规还没有专门设定“网民权益”的概念

“2013年网购投诉超过1万例,但这只是冰山一角。”谈到当前我国电子商务产品的质量问题时,中国质量认证中心市场项目部负责人毛可昕介绍说,由于关于网购的法律法规和相关政策仍然不够完善,只有少部分网民选择向有关部门投诉,大部分网民选择向卖家或向电商平台投诉、协商,甚至“自己认栽”。

“虽然网购造成的损失较大,但是网民对网购的评价依然相对较高,这是因为网购平台普遍会采取一些保障网民权益的措施。相反,在游戏、社交、即时通讯上,虽然人们用得多,但是涉及资金不多,所以相关保障有所欠缺。” 12321不良与垃圾信息举报受理中心副主任郝智超介绍。

在北京志霖律师事务所律师赵占领看来,网民权益受损不仅体现在经济或时间的损失上,更体现在网民的公民权利上,“目前的法律法规还没有专门设定‘网民权益’这样一个概念”。

郝智超认为,一方面,互联网技术自身的特性,导致治理困难;另一方面,我国关于网络权益保护方面的法律法规和相关政策的不完善,也影响了网民权益的保护措施出台。

“互联网上,玩家或商户可以戴着面具生活,甚至无所不为。”朱文庆认为,“在中国互联网的生态里,仍然缺少一些监管机制或制约工具,常常是要么找不到人,要么找到人也不知道怎么做”。

此外,我国维权渠道建设不完善也是影响网络维权的重要原因。以12321网络不良与垃圾信息举报受理中心为例,作为行业组织,即使接到举报,也要根据事件性质的重要程度不同,移交公安机关、工商等国家机构处理,举报中心并不能直接迅速地对网络侵权行为进行干预。

多方联手营造安全网络环境

建立网络黑名单,共享信用体系,侵权行为应曝光处罚

今年6月,国务院发布了《社会信用体系建设规划纲要(2014—2020年)》,提出了建设社会信用体系的重要性。网络信用体系作为社会信用体系的一个重要组成部分,在网民权益保护上具有重要意义。

“建立网络黑名单记录,并共享网络信用体系,让在网上从事非法活动的失信者一处失信处处受限。只有将那些损害网民权益的人曝光处罚,才能真正保护网民权益。”中国互联网协会反垃圾信息工作信息委员会主任委员黄澄清表示。

针对网络侵权难以投诉举报的特点,郝智超认为,“维护网民权益的第一步是完善投诉举报受理机制,建立公众监督体系”。

据介绍,12321不良与垃圾信息举报受理中心结合举报受理工作,正在探索尝试建立以各类黑白名单为主的网络信用体系,向行业和公众公布信誉良好的企业和开发商名单。该中心自2013年起,发起手机应用商店“安全百店”行动,在主流应用商店的下载页中,加入一键举报按钮。网民只要点击,就能将发现的不良及违法应用举报到12321,经核实后统一下架处置。

除了政府机构,许多互联网公司也在积极努力,通过采取黑白名单和加强资质审查等方法来维护自身和用户利益。百度公司负责人,已推出了实名认证,主要通过第三方作为权威验证。网站做这些认证越多,向网民坦白的内容越多,信誉等级就越高。

奇虎360公司加入了人工审查环节。据介绍,现在每一个正版移动应用背后,都可能隐藏着众多盗版应用,严重损害网民和开发公司利益,“我们引入人工审查和不断回扫机制,保障各方权益。各个公司也必须意识到,维护网民的利益最终也是在维护自己的利益。”奇虎360手机助手运营总监郭子文说

如何使网民权益得到很大的保护?郝智超坦言,除了政府和企业的努力,网民自身的维权和防范意识才是真正推动网民权益维护发展的根本力量。因此,开展大量的网民权益保护宣传教育必不可少。“网民权益保护不仅是政府的职责和企业的义务,同时更需要网民自我保护意识的提高。网民的参与,才是重要的组成部分。”(魏 薇 贺 琰)

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